Table of Contents
Jump to a chapter/section by clicking on it
or scroll through the complete topic.
Chapter 1: Angle-flying
Chapter 2: Back-fly
Chapter 3: Belly
Chapter 4: Formation Skydiving
Section 1: FS
Section 2: MFS
Section 3: VFS
Chapter 5: Head-down
Chapter 6: Head-up
Chapter 7: Solo Skills
Chapter 8: Transitions
Chapter 1: Angle-flying
Angle-Flying Feet First on Back
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness.
[ Full Article ]
Angle-Flying—Feet First on Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness. You can do this best by first getting proficient at flying a flat track on both your belly and your back.
[ Full Article ]
Angle-Flying—Head First on Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying—also called tracking, atmonauti, zooming, tracing and many other names over the years—involves creating a horizontal flight path (as opposed to “falling down the tube”) by manipulating the pitch of the body. The challenge when angle flying is not just learning how to fly your body but also how to navigate the space around you.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel with Brandon Atwood. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Safety: increase awareness of your surroundings and create adequate separation from large groups before deploying your parachute. Performance: increase your physical awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Down Forward Movement
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
This is a necessary skill for succeeding at head-down formation jumps (VFS and MFS). It is also essential for breaking off from a head-down jump and a prerequisite for in-facing carving and other angle-type jumps as well as floating or diving to a formation.
[ Full Article ]
Backward Movement in a Sit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
A jumper uses three sections of the body – the torso, the hips and the legs – to drive backward while in a head-up orientation. A flyer can apply inputs from just one of these sectors to make a small movement. Eventu-ally, the flyer can begin to combine these inputs to move farther and more quickly in the backward direction.
[ Full Article ]
Forward Movement in a Sit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
A jumper uses three sections of the body – the torso, the hips and the legs – to drive forward while in a head-up orientation. A flyer can apply inputs from just one of these sectors to make a small movement. Eventually, the flyer can begin to combine these inputs to move forward farther and more quickly.
[ Full Article ]
Tracking — Theory and Application
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Tracking is an area that jumpers, regardless of skill level, need to continually practice and improve. Even those who have made thousands of skydives often need to go back and hone the basics, since many will have formed inefficient habits over the years. A good, basic tracking position will maximize both forward drive and lift to create the most horizontal separation from others in the shortest amount of time possible. In other words, at the end of a skydive, trackers should try to fall as slowly as they can and go forward as quickly as they can so they don't open their parachutes near anyone.
[ Full Article ]
Back Tracking
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Learn how to lead a tracking dive and how to track away from a freefly jump.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Chapter 2: Back-fly
Angle-Flying Feet First on Back
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly to Sit-Fly Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Learn how to fly through multiple axes and how to recover from sit-fly instability.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Fly Backward Drive
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The goals of this drill are to increase your mobility and build air awareness.
[ Full Article ]
The Barrel Roll
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Performance: this maneuver is frequently used transition for back-to-belly freefly compulsory moves in competition. Safety: It is also a technique to recover from instability, used to clear airspace above you prior to deployment and its half-way point, backflying, is a bail-out procedure for free flying (to prevent corking).
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel with Brandon Atwood. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Safety: increase awareness of your surroundings and create adequate separation from large groups before deploying your parachute. Performance: increase your physical awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Down In-Facing Carving
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Achieve greater mobility while flying head-down or while back-flying, and perfect a flying position that has a wide fall-rate range and allows the jumper to cover great distances.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Fly Floater Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Get a better understanding of “the hill” (the directional shift in the relative wind immediately after exit) and and introduction to freefly exits.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Fly Fall-Rate Changes
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
There are many reasons for learning to control fall rate while on your back, but one of the most common is the need to maintain level during a sit-fly jump when a partner loses his balance and “corks”. By back-flying at a slower fall rate, you will be able to minimize the vertical distance and perhaps be able to salvage what is left of your working time.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly Forward Drive
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The goals of this drill are to increase your mobility and open a gateway to back tracking and angle flying.
[ Full Article ]
Taking Grips
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Paul Youcupicio.
Docking properly is an important element of formation flying, whether it's a 2-way belly jump, a competition 4-way or a 138-way head-down world record. Being able to take a “quiet” dock (one that does not disrupt the formation) is fundamental for weekend fun jumpers, competitors and AFF instructors alike.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head Switching
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Incorporating head switches into your turns can improve your turning performance by increasing your body and spatial awareness and mitigating blind spots. Jumpers can use this technique in any body-flight orientation and axis of rotation.
[ Full Article ]
Head-up Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Once you reach breakoff altitude, your primary objective is to create a lot of horizontal distance from other jumpers in order to deploy your parachute safely. It may be difficult to know the location of every person on your jump, which is why it is your responsibility to clear your airspace while moving away. Avoiding collisions in freefall, during deployment and under canopy is paramount.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 8 (Bison)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 8 (Bison), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Exit for Random G (T-Squared)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Random G (T-Squared), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Basic Back-Fly Position
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
This introduction to freeflying wants to increase your fall-rate range and help you maintain your fall rate if you lose stability during a freefly jump.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Range of Motion Drills for Back-Flyers
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
The purpose of these drills is to become more stable and mobile while back-flying solo, to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on other jumpers, and to gain greater air awareness that will allow you to perform more advanced maneuvers (such as back- to-head-up transitions).
[ Full Article ]
Back-fly Side-Slides
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The ability to side slide in the back-fly orientation is a fundamental skill that flyers need in order to be effective in several disciplines. Flyers use lateral movements to reach other flyers, build formations, participate in dynamic disciplines, as well be able to make adjustments to any transition that passes through the back-fly orientation. Before attempting side slides on your back, you should first be proficient at the back-fly neutral position.
[ Full Article ]
Back Tracking
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Learn how to lead a tracking dive and how to track away from a freefly jump.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Belly-to-Back Backflip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, and gain an introduction to flying through multiple axes, including the vertical. This skill also assists in learning to fly head-up.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly-to-Belly Front-Flip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, gain an introduction to flying through the vertical axis, and learn to fly through multiple axes. This skill also assists with learning to fly head up.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly Turns (Heading Changes)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Jumpers can induce heading changes in several ways. This article covers two basic ways, which isolate upper and lower body move-ments. After gaining proficiency at both, you can combine them.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Chapter 3: Belly
2-Way Belly Cat-Accordion Move
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
A caterpillar (aka cat or cat-accordion) formation is a part of every belly discipline including mixed formation skydiving. Jumpers of all experience levels need to be able to execute this maneuver when flying belly formations.
[ Full Article ]
2-Way Belly Star Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your air awareness, stability and mobility, and improve your performance in vertical and mixed formation skydiving and dynamic tunnel flying.
[ Full Article ]
2-Way Phalanx Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Wybenga.
Learn all about the 2-Way Phalanx exit, from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Advanced Belly Turns
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Increase speed in a turn. Gain a greater lower-body awareness. Improve super-positioning (moving in more than a single direction). Learn how to add precision to a turn and how to stop more precisely.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Angle-Flying—Feet First on Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness. You can do this best by first getting proficient at flying a flat track on both your belly and your back.
[ Full Article ]
Angle-Flying—Head First on Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying—also called tracking, atmonauti, zooming, tracing and many other names over the years—involves creating a horizontal flight path (as opposed to “falling down the tube”) by manipulating the pitch of the body. The challenge when angle flying is not just learning how to fly your body but also how to navigate the space around you.
[ Full Article ]
Backward Movement—Belly Flying
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Stop more powerfully when going forward or approaching a target, learn to maneuver while on grips, to move pieces while formation skydiving, and to increase your body-flight awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
The Barrel Roll
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Performance: this maneuver is frequently used transition for back-to-belly freefly compulsory moves in competition. Safety: It is also a technique to recover from instability, used to clear airspace above you prior to deployment and its half-way point, backflying, is a bail-out procedure for free flying (to prevent corking).
[ Full Article ]
Big-Way Approaches (Belly Formations)
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Learn how to properly approach a formation of any size from a dive and the appropriate sight pictures in a large formation. Understand proper docking on a large formation.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Breaking off from a Belly Formation
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by and illustrations by Niklas Daniel.
One of the most important things a jumper can do to ensure safety during a group skydive is to properly track away from the formation at breakoff time. However, performing a straight, flat track alone is not enough.
[ Full Article ]
Diving Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Safety: begin an aggressive dive in a stable position with a predictable trajectory. Performance: successfully dive after a formation of any size or efficiently dive after a student as an AFF instructor.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
The Floater Exit
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Better understand “the hill” (the shift in the relative wind during the first few seconds after exit). Learn an essential formation skydiving skill (2-ways to big-ways) and a position used for hop and pops, camera flying and reserve-side AFF instruction.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Launching a 2-Way Sidebody Piece
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Set up for a successful skydive, perfect a basic and fundamental exit technique used extensively in 4-way formation skydiving, and facilitate an easier transition into larger formation exits.
[ Full Article ]
A Guide to Filming FS 4-Way — Climb Out, Freak Out, Chill Out
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
This article is for jumpers who already have some experience flying camera and are trying to expand their knowledge of how to film formation teams in a competition setting. I will focus mainly on 4-way, because I believe it to be the most difficult formation skydiving discipline to film (aside from vertical formation skydiving), due to the many different exits and faster key speeds. However, once you have a firm grasp of shooting 4-way, the same principles can be applied to 8-way and larger formations.
[ Full Article ]
Forward Drive on the Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The ability to drive forward is a fundamental skill that flyers need in order to be effective in several disciplines. Jumpers use forward drive to reach another jumper or a formation, to move around in the formation from one point to the next, and to neutralize a backward drive in order to stop.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting an Open Accordion (4-Way FS Random F)
Article by Brianne Thompson with Sandy Radsek and Kim Winslow. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel (air) and Mark Kirschenbaum (ground).
Exiting an open accordion (formation F in the 4-way dive pool) appears simple but is deceptively difficult. These instructions show the exit from a Twin Otter, the most commonly used plane for competitions.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Taking Grips
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Paul Youcupicio.
Docking properly is an important element of formation flying, whether it's a 2-way belly jump, a competition 4-way or a 138-way head-down world record. Being able to take a “quiet” dock (one that does not disrupt the formation) is fundamental for weekend fun jumpers, competitors and AFF instructors alike.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head Switching
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Incorporating head switches into your turns can improve your turning performance by increasing your body and spatial awareness and mitigating blind spots. Jumpers can use this technique in any body-flight orientation and axis of rotation.
[ Full Article ]
Level Changes While Belly Flying
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Safety: avoid collision, understandi and navigate through burbles, stay with students (for rating holders). Performance: get to different vantage points (for camera flyers), make a powerful stop after diving to a base, increase your ability to fly with a wide range of people with a variety of fall rates, and improve your track with slow-flight skills.
[ Full Article ]
Side Buddies (FS Block 7)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Learn how to effciently perform Block 7 of the 4-Way Formation Skydiving Dive Pool (Side Buddies) and increase your basic knowledge of how to make 360-degree turns from a sidebody for 8-way, 16-way or any size sequential formation.
[ Full Article ]
2-Way MFS Block 7—Periscope-Periscope
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Kevin Mitchell.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 7 (Periscope), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting a 2-Way Compressed Accordion / Periscope (MFS Block 7)
Article by Brianne Thompson with Thomas Hughes. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Set up for a successful skydive and learn an advanced 2-way exit that is a component of several 4-way exits currently in the dive pool.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 8 (Bison)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 8 (Bison), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 10 (Flat Stairstep)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Wybenga.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 10 (Flat Stairstep), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Exit for Random G (T-Squared)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Random G (T-Squared), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Vertical Compressed Exit (MFS Random C)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
In the 2-way vertical compressed formation (random formation C in the mixed formation skydiving dive pool), the performers fly in opposing orientations, head-up and headdown.
[ Full Article ]
The Neutral Belly Position
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Although all jumpers may feel familiar with the neutral belly position, many do not use proper technique since some of the methods used to teach it actually encourage improper positions. Many jumpers mistake it as only a deployment position and miss, that it is also an essential flying position.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
2-Way Phalanx to Open Accordion Drill
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Wybenga.
Two-way formation skydiving drills such as this one are beneficial because both flyers get an opportunity to work on their personal skills. The ability to fly relative to another jumper is essential for all formation skydiving disciplines, no matter the size of the formation.
[ Full Article ]
Range of Motion Drills for Belly-Flyers
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
The purpose of these drills is to become more stable and mobile while belly flying, to gain the skill set necessary to begin flying with the entire body, to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on other jumpers, to rapidly recover from instability (self induced, caused by others, even on the hill), to counteract unwanted movement during maneuvers.
[ Full Article ]
The Side Slide
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
In a side-slide, your goal is to move horizontally toward a target. Though you'll use similar inputs as you do when turning, you'll drive both your upper and lower body in the same direction.
[ Full Article ]
Spinning a 2-Way-Caterpillar (Cat) Piece
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
Perfect a fundamental block move from the 4- and 8-way dive pools.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Spinning a Sidebody Piece Backward
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
Perfect a fundamental block move from the 4- and 8-way dive pools.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Tracking — Theory and Application
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Tracking is an area that jumpers, regardless of skill level, need to continually practice and improve. Even those who have made thousands of skydives often need to go back and hone the basics, since many will have formed inefficient habits over the years. A good, basic tracking position will maximize both forward drive and lift to create the most horizontal separation from others in the shortest amount of time possible. In other words, at the end of a skydive, trackers should try to fall as slowly as they can and go forward as quickly as they can so they don't open their parachutes near anyone.
[ Full Article ]
Belly-to-Back Backflip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, and gain an introduction to flying through multiple axes, including the vertical. This skill also assists in learning to fly head-up.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly-to-Belly Front-Flip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, gain an introduction to flying through the vertical axis, and learn to fly through multiple axes. This skill also assists with learning to fly head up.
[ Full Article ]
Belly to Head-Up Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
This article looks at the Belly to Head-up Transition and focusses on the technical execution as well as on how it should feel to the jumper. It also includes helpful hints on how to remedy typical problems that arise when a jumper first tries the maneuver.
[ Full Article ]
Two-Way Verticals (aka "Over Unders" or "Burble Hopping")
Article by Brianne Thompson with Thomas Hughes. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Safety: Recognize and either avoid or navigate through a burble, avoid getting “taken out” if another jumper goes low on a formation, and avoid having a burble affect stability during a skydive. Performance: Learn a fundamental skill for performing 4-way and 8-way formation skydiving blocks and further develop your fall-rate skills and apply them to a new task.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Chapter 4: Formation Skydiving
Formation Skydiving > FS
2-Way Belly Cat-Accordion Move
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
A caterpillar (aka cat or cat-accordion) formation is a part of every belly discipline including mixed formation skydiving. Jumpers of all experience levels need to be able to execute this maneuver when flying belly formations.
[ Full Article ]
2-Way Phalanx Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Wybenga.
Learn all about the 2-Way Phalanx exit, from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
2-Way Belly Star Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your air awareness, stability and mobility, and improve your performance in vertical and mixed formation skydiving and dynamic tunnel flying.
[ Full Article ]
Big-Way Approaches (Belly Formations)
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Learn how to properly approach a formation of any size from a dive and the appropriate sight pictures in a large formation. Understand proper docking on a large formation.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Breaking off from a Belly Formation
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by and illustrations by Niklas Daniel.
One of the most important things a jumper can do to ensure safety during a group skydive is to properly track away from the formation at breakoff time. However, performing a straight, flat track alone is not enough.
[ Full Article ]
Launching a 2-Way Sidebody Piece
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Set up for a successful skydive, perfect a basic and fundamental exit technique used extensively in 4-way formation skydiving, and facilitate an easier transition into larger formation exits.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting an Open Accordion (4-Way FS Random F)
Article by Brianne Thompson with Sandy Radsek and Kim Winslow. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel (air) and Mark Kirschenbaum (ground).
Exiting an open accordion (formation F in the 4-way dive pool) appears simple but is deceptively difficult. These instructions show the exit from a Twin Otter, the most commonly used plane for competitions.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Side Buddies (FS Block 7)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Learn how to effciently perform Block 7 of the 4-Way Formation Skydiving Dive Pool (Side Buddies) and increase your basic knowledge of how to make 360-degree turns from a sidebody for 8-way, 16-way or any size sequential formation.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting a 2-Way Compressed Accordion / Periscope (MFS Block 7)
Article by Brianne Thompson with Thomas Hughes. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Set up for a successful skydive and learn an advanced 2-way exit that is a component of several 4-way exits currently in the dive pool.
[ Full Article ]
2-Way Phalanx to Open Accordion Drill
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Wybenga.
Two-way formation skydiving drills such as this one are beneficial because both flyers get an opportunity to work on their personal skills. The ability to fly relative to another jumper is essential for all formation skydiving disciplines, no matter the size of the formation.
[ Full Article ]
Spinning a 2-Way-Caterpillar (Cat) Piece
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
Perfect a fundamental block move from the 4- and 8-way dive pools.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Spinning a Sidebody Piece Backward
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
Perfect a fundamental block move from the 4- and 8-way dive pools.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Two-Way Verticals (aka "Over Unders" or "Burble Hopping")
Article by Brianne Thompson with Thomas Hughes. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Safety: Recognize and either avoid or navigate through a burble, avoid getting “taken out” if another jumper goes low on a formation, and avoid having a burble affect stability during a skydive. Performance: Learn a fundamental skill for performing 4-way and 8-way formation skydiving blocks and further develop your fall-rate skills and apply them to a new task.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Formation Skydiving > MFS
69 Exit (MFS Block 1)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The 2-way formation called “69” is in the mixed formation skydiving dive pool as block 1. Learn more about this exit, where performers fly in opposite vertical orientations (head up and head down) facing one another.
[ Full Article ]
2-Way MFS Block 7—Periscope-Periscope
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Kevin Mitchell.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 7 (Periscope), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 8 (Bison)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 8 (Bison), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 10 (Flat Stairstep)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Wybenga.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 10 (Flat Stairstep), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Two-Way Head-Down Flower Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
The 2-way flower is a great exit for jumpers just learning to fly head down. Though there are different ways to launch it, this one, launched from a left-door aircraft such as a Twin Otter using front- and rear-float positions, is the most basic.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Exit for Random G (T-Squared)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Random G (T-Squared), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 1—Double 69
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 1 (Double 69), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Double Spock (MFS Random B)
Article by Niklas Daniel with Steve Curtis. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
The double spock is a competitive freefly maneuver found in the open-class compulsory dive pool. It consists of a head-down flyer and a head-up flyer facing one another and docking with a single hand on each other's heads.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting a Double Spock (MFS Random B)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Seth Studer (aerial) and David Amett (ground).
Learn all about exiting a Mixed Formation Skydiving Random B (Double Spocl), from move description, prerequisites, set-up, to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sole to sole (MFS Random D)
Article by Niklas Daniel with Steve Curtis. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
The sole-to-sole is a competitive freefly maneuver, formation FF-3 of the open-class compulsory dive pool. It consists of a head-down flyer and a head-up flyer making stationary contact with the sole of the other jumper's foot.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting a Half Rebel (MFS Random N)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Seth Studer (aerial) and David Amett (ground).
Increase your ability to score points during a mixed formation skydiving competition in which the half rebel (MFS random formation N) is the first point by launching it from the aircraft.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Decoding MFS Video
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by David Cherry and illustrations by Niklas Daniel.
Although MFS teams generally put most of their training focus on the performers, the camera flyers' performances are critical to success. The mixture of horizontal and vertical formations makes flying camera for an MFS team very challenging because there is a lot of active flying necessary to get the best camera angle.
[ Full Article ]
Vertical Compressed Exit (MFS Random C)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
In the 2-way vertical compressed formation (random formation C in the mixed formation skydiving dive pool), the performers fly in opposing orientations, head-up and headdown.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Random F (Totem)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Random F (Totem), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Formation Skydiving > VFS
VFS Block 4
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brandon Atwood.
Learn all about the Vertical Formation Skydiving Block 4 (Chain Gang), from move description to execution (head-down and head-up flyers), and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
VFS Block 8
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brandon Atwood.
Learn all about the Vertical Formation Skydiving Block 8 (Buddy), from move description to execution, and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Chapter 5: Head-down
Head-Down Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel with Brandon Atwood. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Safety: increase awareness of your surroundings and create adequate separation from large groups before deploying your parachute. Performance: increase your physical awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
VFS Camera — Tricks and Traps
Article by Niklas Daniel and Sara Curtis; . Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Vertical Formation Skydiving (VFS) is a new and strongly emerging discipline, which combines the body-flight skills of freeflying and the mental skills of formation skydiving. In the past, very few skydivers have had the ability to take part in this discipline because it takes a certain level of proficiency of flight, and a complex understanding of formations. Today wind tunnels are springing up all over the globe, assisting skydivers in their quest for awesomeness. (…) In this article we are going to take a closer look at the camera flyer. Even though there may be some similarities in the responsibilities between camera flyers on the horizontal and vertical axis, with the addition of a greater fall rate speed and added dimensions of the formations, filming VFS is probably one of the most difficult disciplines to shoot. Here we check out some tricks and traps of this fun and challenging position.
[ Full Article ]
Outfacing Head-Down Carve
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Learn to have greater mobility while flying head-down, as well as while angle-flying.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-Fly to Head-Down Cartwheel
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Before you attempt this maneuver, you need to be proficient in neutral sit-fly and head-down positions, particularly the head-down daffy, with sit-to-sit front flips and backflips, as well as belly-to-back barrel rolls to help with visuals.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Down In-Facing Carving
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Achieve greater mobility while flying head-down or while back-flying, and perfect a flying position that has a wide fall-rate range and allows the jumper to cover great distances.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Half Reverse Eagle
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Vince Arnone.
The two performers face each other in opposing orientations (one is head up, the other head down) and simultaneously fly around one another on the vertical axis toward their feet. They then stop at the 180-degree mark, having traded places.
[ Full Article ]
Two-Way Head-Down Flower Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
The 2-way flower is a great exit for jumpers just learning to fly head down. Though there are different ways to launch it, this one, launched from a left-door aircraft such as a Twin Otter using front- and rear-float positions, is the most basic.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Fall-Rate Changes in the Shelf Position
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your ability to reach a formation and fly relative to others. Increase your ability to take and maintain grips. There are many ways of flying head down. Flyers can use the various terminal velocities (fall rates) of these positions to their advantage.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Foreward Movement in the Daffy Position
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
This is a necessary skill for success at head-down formation jumps (vertical and mixed formation skydiving) which can help you gain the ability to better deal with leg traffic while flying in close proximity to others.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Forward Movement
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
This is a necessary skill for succeeding at head-down formation jumps (VFS and MFS). It is also essential for breaking off from a head-down jump and a prerequisite for in-facing carving and other angle-type jumps as well as floating or diving to a formation.
[ Full Article ]
Sit to Head-Down Front Flip
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
Learn a basic transition for the 2-way mixed formation skydiving dive pool and get an introduction to the half-eagle move.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Taking Grips
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Paul Youcupicio.
Docking properly is an important element of formation flying, whether it's a 2-way belly jump, a competition 4-way or a 138-way head-down world record. Being able to take a “quiet” dock (one that does not disrupt the formation) is fundamental for weekend fun jumpers, competitors and AFF instructors alike.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head Switching
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Incorporating head switches into your turns can improve your turning performance by increasing your body and spatial awareness and mitigating blind spots. Jumpers can use this technique in any body-flight orientation and axis of rotation.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Side-Slides
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, stability and mobility. Improve your vertical and mixed formation skydiving skills.
[ Full Article ]
Head-down Variations
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your stability and range in the head-down orientation by learning different leg positions.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-up to Head-down Shelf Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The goals of this drill are to increase your mobility and to help you gain the ability to transition from one flight mode to another mid-jump. Learn a skill used extensively in vertical and mixed formation skydiving.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 1—Double 69
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 1 (Double 69), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
69 Exit (MFS Block 1)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The 2-way formation called “69” is in the mixed formation skydiving dive pool as block 1. Learn more about this exit, where performers fly in opposite vertical orientations (head up and head down) facing one another.
[ Full Article ]
Double Spock (MFS Random B)
Article by Niklas Daniel with Steve Curtis. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
The double spock is a competitive freefly maneuver found in the open-class compulsory dive pool. It consists of a head-down flyer and a head-up flyer facing one another and docking with a single hand on each other's heads.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting a Double Spock (MFS Random B)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Seth Studer (aerial) and David Amett (ground).
Learn all about exiting a Mixed Formation Skydiving Random B (Double Spocl), from move description, prerequisites, set-up, to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sole to sole (MFS Random D)
Article by Niklas Daniel with Steve Curtis. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
The sole-to-sole is a competitive freefly maneuver, formation FF-3 of the open-class compulsory dive pool. It consists of a head-down flyer and a head-up flyer making stationary contact with the sole of the other jumper's foot.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting a Half Rebel (MFS Random N)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Seth Studer (aerial) and David Amett (ground).
Increase your ability to score points during a mixed formation skydiving competition in which the half rebel (MFS random formation N) is the first point by launching it from the aircraft.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Down Range of Motion Drills
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
The purpose of these drills is for solo jumpers to become more stable and mobile in the head-down position and to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on another jumper.
[ Full Article ]
Rock the Cradle
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Vince Arnone.
Before you attempt this maneuver, you need to be proficient in performing a half-loop from the head-up to head-down orientation and a half-loop from the head-down to the head-up orientation.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Flip Transition from Sit to Head-Down Daffy
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
When transitioning from a head-up to a head-down position, most vertical formation skydiving competitors transition over their backs instead of performing cartwheels. Though the end result is the same, the back flip has more dynamic range, is more aerodynamic and is easier to control than a cartwheel.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Down Turns
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
The purpose of head-down turns is to create a heading change, increase your basic flying proficiencyand your overall body awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
VFS Block 4
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brandon Atwood.
Learn all about the Vertical Formation Skydiving Block 4 (Chain Gang), from move description to execution (head-down and head-up flyers), and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
VFS Block 8
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brandon Atwood.
Learn all about the Vertical Formation Skydiving Block 8 (Buddy), from move description to execution, and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Chapter 6: Head-up
Angle-Flying Feet First on Back
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness.
[ Full Article ]
Angle-Flying—Feet First on Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness. You can do this best by first getting proficient at flying a flat track on both your belly and your back.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly to Sit-Fly Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Learn how to fly through multiple axes and how to recover from sit-fly instability.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Backward Movement in a Sit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
A jumper uses three sections of the body – the torso, the hips and the legs – to drive backward while in a head-up orientation. A flyer can apply inputs from just one of these sectors to make a small movement. Eventu-ally, the flyer can begin to combine these inputs to move farther and more quickly in the backward direction.
[ Full Article ]
Sit-Fly to Head-Down Cartwheel
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Before you attempt this maneuver, you need to be proficient in neutral sit-fly and head-down positions, particularly the head-down daffy, with sit-to-sit front flips and backflips, as well as belly-to-back barrel rolls to help with visuals.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-to-sit Cartwheel
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
The purpose of this drill is to increase balance in the head-up orientation, to learn to fly through multiple axes, and to learn an advanced, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
Half Reverse Eagle
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Vince Arnone.
The two performers face each other in opposing orientations (one is head up, the other head down) and simultaneously fly around one another on the vertical axis toward their feet. They then stop at the 180-degree mark, having traded places.
[ Full Article ]
Sit-Fly Exits
Article by Niklas Daniel with Brandon Atwood. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Learn the proper techniques for the most common sit-fly exits: front and rear float. Jumpers can perform this dive as a 2-way or break it into its components for a solo dive.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Forward Movement in a Sit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
A jumper uses three sections of the body – the torso, the hips and the legs – to drive forward while in a head-up orientation. A flyer can apply inputs from just one of these sectors to make a small movement. Eventually, the flyer can begin to combine these inputs to move forward farther and more quickly.
[ Full Article ]
Sit to Head-Down Front Flip
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
Learn a basic transition for the 2-way mixed formation skydiving dive pool and get an introduction to the half-eagle move.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Taking Grips
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Paul Youcupicio.
Docking properly is an important element of formation flying, whether it's a 2-way belly jump, a competition 4-way or a 138-way head-down world record. Being able to take a “quiet” dock (one that does not disrupt the formation) is fundamental for weekend fun jumpers, competitors and AFF instructors alike.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head Switching
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Incorporating head switches into your turns can improve your turning performance by increasing your body and spatial awareness and mitigating blind spots. Jumpers can use this technique in any body-flight orientation and axis of rotation.
[ Full Article ]
Head-up Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Once you reach breakoff altitude, your primary objective is to create a lot of horizontal distance from other jumpers in order to deploy your parachute safely. It may be difficult to know the location of every person on your jump, which is why it is your responsibility to clear your airspace while moving away. Avoiding collisions in freefall, during deployment and under canopy is paramount.
[ Full Article ]
Head-up to Head-down Shelf Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The goals of this drill are to increase your mobility and to help you gain the ability to transition from one flight mode to another mid-jump. Learn a skill used extensively in vertical and mixed formation skydiving.
[ Full Article ]
Head-up Variations
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Sit-flying is the most common variation of head-up flying, but there are many other possibilities. By changing your leg positions and manipulating the air pressure in front of and behind your body simultaneously, you can progress beyond the basic sit-fly and add positions such as the knee-fly, stag and stand to your repertoire.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
MFS Block 1—Double 69
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 1 (Double 69), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
69 Exit (MFS Block 1)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The 2-way formation called “69” is in the mixed formation skydiving dive pool as block 1. Learn more about this exit, where performers fly in opposite vertical orientations (head up and head down) facing one another.
[ Full Article ]
Double Spock (MFS Random B)
Article by Niklas Daniel with Steve Curtis. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
The double spock is a competitive freefly maneuver found in the open-class compulsory dive pool. It consists of a head-down flyer and a head-up flyer facing one another and docking with a single hand on each other's heads.
[ Full Article ]
Exiting a Double Spock (MFS Random B)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Seth Studer (aerial) and David Amett (ground).
Learn all about exiting a Mixed Formation Skydiving Random B (Double Spocl), from move description, prerequisites, set-up, to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sole to sole (MFS Random D)
Article by Niklas Daniel with Steve Curtis. Visuals by by Travis Mills.
The sole-to-sole is a competitive freefly maneuver, formation FF-3 of the open-class compulsory dive pool. It consists of a head-down flyer and a head-up flyer making stationary contact with the sole of the other jumper's foot.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Random F (Totem)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Random F (Totem), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Up Neutral Position
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Your fall rate increases when flying in a vertical orientation, and this will reduce your available working time, so give yourself extra time to slow down before your planned deployment altitude. Make sure you have provided adequate exit separation from other jumpers based on the aircraft's ground speed, and be sure to face perpendicularly to the line of flight while in freefall.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Up Range-of-Motion Drills
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
This installment is for solo jumpers looking to become more stable and mobile in a sit and to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on another jumper.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Rock the Cradle
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Vince Arnone.
Before you attempt this maneuver, you need to be proficient in performing a half-loop from the head-up to head-down orientation and a half-loop from the head-down to the head-up orientation.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Up Side Slides
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your air awareness, stability and mobility, and improve your performance in vertical and mixed formation skydiving and dynamic tunnel flying.
[ Full Article ]
Thinking on Your Feet — Improving Your Sit-Fly
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Whether you are just learning to sit-fly or have simply hit a plateau in your learning curve, fine-tuning your basic head-up body position is worth the time. Many jumpers, even those for whom sit-flying initially came easily, find themselves stuck in place or unstable if they try to move from a neutral position to drive forward or take a dock. This article explains the basic mechanics of the sit orientation and offers solutions to common problems.
[ Full Article ]
Sit-Fly Fall-Rate Changes (Leg Mechanics)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your ability to chase and fly relative to others and learn an important skill for taking and maintaining grips! There are many ways of flying head-up or vertically oriented, and a flyer can take advantage of the various postures and their resultant terminal velocities (fall rates).
[ Full Article ]
Sit-Fly Turns (Arm Mechanics)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
This ability will help you to perform advanced arm turns (mantis position) on your belly, hold a solid, neutral back-fly position, perform back-fly to sit-fly transition, hold a solid, neutral head-up position, etc.
[ Full Article ]
Sit-to-Sit Backflip
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your balance in head-up orientation. Learn to fly through multiple axes and an advanced, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Toe-Knee Drill
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The purpose of this drill is to enhance the communication and rela-tive-work skills of those jumpers who are proficient in sit flying but struggle with taking grips.
[ Full Article ]
Belly to Head-Up Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
This article looks at the Belly to Head-up Transition and focusses on the technical execution as well as on how it should feel to the jumper. It also includes helpful hints on how to remedy typical problems that arise when a jumper first tries the maneuver.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Flip Transition from Sit to Head-Down Daffy
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
When transitioning from a head-up to a head-down position, most vertical formation skydiving competitors transition over their backs instead of performing cartwheels. Though the end result is the same, the back flip has more dynamic range, is more aerodynamic and is easier to control than a cartwheel.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-to-Sit Front-Flip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your balance in the sit-fly position, learn to fly through multiple axes, and learn a basic, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
VFS Block 4
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brandon Atwood.
Learn all about the Vertical Formation Skydiving Block 4 (Chain Gang), from move description to execution (head-down and head-up flyers), and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Chapter 7: Solo Skills
Advanced Belly Turns
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Increase speed in a turn. Gain a greater lower-body awareness. Improve super-positioning (moving in more than a single direction). Learn how to add precision to a turn and how to stop more precisely.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Angle-Flying Feet First on Back
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness.
[ Full Article ]
Angle-Flying—Feet First on Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying blurs the lines between horizontal and vertical flying. To excel at this flying method, you first have to understand your direction of travel, which comes with gaining spatial awareness. You can do this best by first getting proficient at flying a flat track on both your belly and your back.
[ Full Article ]
Angle-Flying—Head First on Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Angle flying—also called tracking, atmonauti, zooming, tracing and many other names over the years—involves creating a horizontal flight path (as opposed to “falling down the tube”) by manipulating the pitch of the body. The challenge when angle flying is not just learning how to fly your body but also how to navigate the space around you.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly Backward Drive
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The goals of this drill are to increase your mobility and build air awareness.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly Forward Drive
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The goals of this drill are to increase your mobility and open a gateway to back tracking and angle flying.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly Side-Slides
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The ability to side slide in the back-fly orientation is a fundamental skill that flyers need in order to be effective in several disciplines. Flyers use lateral movements to reach other flyers, build formations, participate in dynamic disciplines, as well be able to make adjustments to any transition that passes through the back-fly orientation. Before attempting side slides on your back, you should first be proficient at the back-fly neutral position.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly to Sit-Fly Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Learn how to fly through multiple axes and how to recover from sit-fly instability.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Backward Movement—Belly Flying
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Stop more powerfully when going forward or approaching a target, learn to maneuver while on grips, to move pieces while formation skydiving, and to increase your body-flight awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Backward Movement in a Sit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
A jumper uses three sections of the body – the torso, the hips and the legs – to drive backward while in a head-up orientation. A flyer can apply inputs from just one of these sectors to make a small movement. Eventu-ally, the flyer can begin to combine these inputs to move farther and more quickly in the backward direction.
[ Full Article ]
The Barrel Roll
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Performance: this maneuver is frequently used transition for back-to-belly freefly compulsory moves in competition. Safety: It is also a technique to recover from instability, used to clear airspace above you prior to deployment and its half-way point, backflying, is a bail-out procedure for free flying (to prevent corking).
[ Full Article ]
The Neutral Belly Position
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Although all jumpers may feel familiar with the neutral belly position, many do not use proper technique since some of the methods used to teach it actually encourage improper positions. Many jumpers mistake it as only a deployment position and miss, that it is also an essential flying position.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Down Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel with Brandon Atwood. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Safety: increase awareness of your surroundings and create adequate separation from large groups before deploying your parachute. Performance: increase your physical awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Outfacing Head-Down Carve
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Learn to have greater mobility while flying head-down, as well as while angle-flying.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-Fly to Head-Down Cartwheel
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Before you attempt this maneuver, you need to be proficient in neutral sit-fly and head-down positions, particularly the head-down daffy, with sit-to-sit front flips and backflips, as well as belly-to-back barrel rolls to help with visuals.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-to-sit Cartwheel
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
The purpose of this drill is to increase balance in the head-up orientation, to learn to fly through multiple axes, and to learn an advanced, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down In-Facing Carving
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Achieve greater mobility while flying head-down or while back-flying, and perfect a flying position that has a wide fall-rate range and allows the jumper to cover great distances.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Diving Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Safety: begin an aggressive dive in a stable position with a predictable trajectory. Performance: successfully dive after a formation of any size or efficiently dive after a student as an AFF instructor.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
The Floater Exit
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Better understand “the hill” (the shift in the relative wind during the first few seconds after exit). Learn an essential formation skydiving skill (2-ways to big-ways) and a position used for hop and pops, camera flying and reserve-side AFF instruction.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Fly Floater Exit
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Get a better understanding of “the hill” (the directional shift in the relative wind immediately after exit) and and introduction to freefly exits.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-Fly Exits
Article by Niklas Daniel with Brandon Atwood. Visuals by by Steve Curtis.
Learn the proper techniques for the most common sit-fly exits: front and rear float. Jumpers can perform this dive as a 2-way or break it into its components for a solo dive.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Fly Fall-Rate Changes
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
There are many reasons for learning to control fall rate while on your back, but one of the most common is the need to maintain level during a sit-fly jump when a partner loses his balance and “corks”. By back-flying at a slower fall rate, you will be able to minimize the vertical distance and perhaps be able to salvage what is left of your working time.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Foreward Movement in the Daffy Position
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
This is a necessary skill for success at head-down formation jumps (vertical and mixed formation skydiving) which can help you gain the ability to better deal with leg traffic while flying in close proximity to others.
[ Full Article ]
Forward Drive on the Belly
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The ability to drive forward is a fundamental skill that flyers need in order to be effective in several disciplines. Jumpers use forward drive to reach another jumper or a formation, to move around in the formation from one point to the next, and to neutralize a backward drive in order to stop.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Forward Movement
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
This is a necessary skill for succeeding at head-down formation jumps (VFS and MFS). It is also essential for breaking off from a head-down jump and a prerequisite for in-facing carving and other angle-type jumps as well as floating or diving to a formation.
[ Full Article ]
Forward Movement in a Sit
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
A jumper uses three sections of the body – the torso, the hips and the legs – to drive forward while in a head-up orientation. A flyer can apply inputs from just one of these sectors to make a small movement. Eventually, the flyer can begin to combine these inputs to move forward farther and more quickly.
[ Full Article ]
Sit to Head-Down Front Flip
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
Learn a basic transition for the 2-way mixed formation skydiving dive pool and get an introduction to the half-eagle move.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head Position
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The skull houses several environment-sensing organs, such as the eyes, the ears and the cerebellum. Working in concert, these help define and regulate your body's balance and motion (i.e., location, speed, direction and orientation in space). To fly your body as effectively as possible, you need to receive quick and clear feedback from these systems. Therefore, it is important to properly position your head relative to the rest of your body.
[ Full Article ]
Head Switching
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Incorporating head switches into your turns can improve your turning performance by increasing your body and spatial awareness and mitigating blind spots. Jumpers can use this technique in any body-flight orientation and axis of rotation.
[ Full Article ]
Head-down Fall-Rate Changes in the Shelf Position
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your ability to reach a formation and fly relative to others. Increase your ability to take and maintain grips. There are many ways of flying head down. Flyers can use the various terminal velocities (fall rates) of these positions to their advantage.
[ Full Article ]
Head-down Side-Slides
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, stability and mobility. Improve your vertical and mixed formation skydiving skills.
[ Full Article ]
Head-down Variations
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your stability and range in the head-down orientation by learning different leg positions.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-up Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Once you reach breakoff altitude, your primary objective is to create a lot of horizontal distance from other jumpers in order to deploy your parachute safely. It may be difficult to know the location of every person on your jump, which is why it is your responsibility to clear your airspace while moving away. Avoiding collisions in freefall, during deployment and under canopy is paramount.
[ Full Article ]
Head-up to Head-down Shelf Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
The goals of this drill are to increase your mobility and to help you gain the ability to transition from one flight mode to another mid-jump. Learn a skill used extensively in vertical and mixed formation skydiving.
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Head-up Side Slides
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your air awareness, stability and mobility, and improve your performance in vertical and mixed formation skydiving and dynamic tunnel flying.
[ Full Article ]
Head-up Variations
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Sit-flying is the most common variation of head-up flying, but there are many other possibilities. By changing your leg positions and manipulating the air pressure in front of and behind your body simultaneously, you can progress beyond the basic sit-fly and add positions such as the knee-fly, stag and stand to your repertoire.
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[ Video ]
Level Changes While Belly Flying
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Safety: avoid collision, understandi and navigate through burbles, stay with students (for rating holders). Performance: get to different vantage points (for camera flyers), make a powerful stop after diving to a base, increase your ability to fly with a wide range of people with a variety of fall rates, and improve your track with slow-flight skills.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Up Neutral Position
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Your fall rate increases when flying in a vertical orientation, and this will reduce your available working time, so give yourself extra time to slow down before your planned deployment altitude. Make sure you have provided adequate exit separation from other jumpers based on the aircraft's ground speed, and be sure to face perpendicularly to the line of flight while in freefall.
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[ Video ]
Basic Back-Fly Position
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
This introduction to freeflying wants to increase your fall-rate range and help you maintain your fall rate if you lose stability during a freefly jump.
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[ Video ]
Range of Motion Drills for Back-Flyers
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
The purpose of these drills is to become more stable and mobile while back-flying solo, to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on other jumpers, and to gain greater air awareness that will allow you to perform more advanced maneuvers (such as back- to-head-up transitions).
[ Full Article ]
Range of Motion Drills for Belly-Flyers
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
The purpose of these drills is to become more stable and mobile while belly flying, to gain the skill set necessary to begin flying with the entire body, to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on other jumpers, to rapidly recover from instability (self induced, caused by others, even on the hill), to counteract unwanted movement during maneuvers.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Down Range of Motion Drills
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
The purpose of these drills is for solo jumpers to become more stable and mobile in the head-down position and to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on another jumper.
[ Full Article ]
Head-Up Range-of-Motion Drills
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
This installment is for solo jumpers looking to become more stable and mobile in a sit and to gain the skill set necessary to take grips on another jumper.
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[ Video ]
The Side Slide
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
In a side-slide, your goal is to move horizontally toward a target. Though you'll use similar inputs as you do when turning, you'll drive both your upper and lower body in the same direction.
[ Full Article ]
Thinking on Your Feet — Improving Your Sit-Fly
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Whether you are just learning to sit-fly or have simply hit a plateau in your learning curve, fine-tuning your basic head-up body position is worth the time. Many jumpers, even those for whom sit-flying initially came easily, find themselves stuck in place or unstable if they try to move from a neutral position to drive forward or take a dock. This article explains the basic mechanics of the sit orientation and offers solutions to common problems.
[ Full Article ]
Sit-Fly Fall-Rate Changes (Leg Mechanics)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase your ability to chase and fly relative to others and learn an important skill for taking and maintaining grips! There are many ways of flying head-up or vertically oriented, and a flyer can take advantage of the various postures and their resultant terminal velocities (fall rates).
[ Full Article ]
Sit-Fly Turns (Arm Mechanics)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
This ability will help you to perform advanced arm turns (mantis position) on your belly, hold a solid, neutral back-fly position, perform back-fly to sit-fly transition, hold a solid, neutral head-up position, etc.
[ Full Article ]
Sit-to-Sit Backflip
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your balance in head-up orientation. Learn to fly through multiple axes and an advanced, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Who Says Solos Can't Be Fun — The Thrill and Challenge of Speed Skydiving
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Speed skydiving is the fastest non-motorized sport on earth, with competitors reaching velocities as high as those of Top Fuel dragsters, the quickest accelerating racing cars in the world. With the amount of energy a speed skydiver produces, those on the ground can actually hear the jumper pulling out of a dive! The sensations you experience speed skydiving are unlike anything you'll experience on other types of skydives.
[ Full Article ]
Speed Skydiving Toward the Future
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by Niklas Daniel.
Speed skydiving is the fastest non-motorized sport on earth. As it increases in popularity and expands from a handful of European practitioners to a growing group of athletes from around the world, skydivers are becoming curious about the discipline. So, where is it now and what is possible—theoretically and practically—as the discipline grows?
[ Full Article ]
Tracking — Theory and Application
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Tracking is an area that jumpers, regardless of skill level, need to continually practice and improve. Even those who have made thousands of skydives often need to go back and hone the basics, since many will have formed inefficient habits over the years. A good, basic tracking position will maximize both forward drive and lift to create the most horizontal separation from others in the shortest amount of time possible. In other words, at the end of a skydive, trackers should try to fall as slowly as they can and go forward as quickly as they can so they don't open their parachutes near anyone.
[ Full Article ]
Back Tracking
Article by Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Learn how to lead a tracking dive and how to track away from a freefly jump.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Belly-to-Back Backflip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, and gain an introduction to flying through multiple axes, including the vertical. This skill also assists in learning to fly head-up.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly-to-Belly Front-Flip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, gain an introduction to flying through the vertical axis, and learn to fly through multiple axes. This skill also assists with learning to fly head up.
[ Full Article ]
Belly to Head-Up Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
This article looks at the Belly to Head-up Transition and focusses on the technical execution as well as on how it should feel to the jumper. It also includes helpful hints on how to remedy typical problems that arise when a jumper first tries the maneuver.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Flip Transition from Sit to Head-Down Daffy
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
When transitioning from a head-up to a head-down position, most vertical formation skydiving competitors transition over their backs instead of performing cartwheels. Though the end result is the same, the back flip has more dynamic range, is more aerodynamic and is easier to control than a cartwheel.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-to-Sit Front-Flip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your balance in the sit-fly position, learn to fly through multiple axes, and learn a basic, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Fly Turns (Heading Changes)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Niklas Daniel.
Jumpers can induce heading changes in several ways. This article covers two basic ways, which isolate upper and lower body move-ments. After gaining proficiency at both, you can combine them.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-Down Turns
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
The purpose of head-down turns is to create a heading change, increase your basic flying proficiencyand your overall body awareness.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Chapter 8: Transitions
Back-Fly to Sit-Fly Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Learn how to fly through multiple axes and how to recover from sit-fly instability.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
The Barrel Roll
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Performance: this maneuver is frequently used transition for back-to-belly freefly compulsory moves in competition. Safety: It is also a technique to recover from instability, used to clear airspace above you prior to deployment and its half-way point, backflying, is a bail-out procedure for free flying (to prevent corking).
[ Full Article ]
Belly-to-Back Backflip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, and gain an introduction to flying through multiple axes, including the vertical. This skill also assists in learning to fly head-up.
[ Full Article ]
Back-Fly-to-Belly Front-Flip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Increase air awareness, gain an introduction to flying through the vertical axis, and learn to fly through multiple axes. This skill also assists with learning to fly head up.
[ Full Article ]
Sit-Fly to Head-Down Cartwheel
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Before you attempt this maneuver, you need to be proficient in neutral sit-fly and head-down positions, particularly the head-down daffy, with sit-to-sit front flips and backflips, as well as belly-to-back barrel rolls to help with visuals.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-to-sit Cartwheel
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
The purpose of this drill is to increase balance in the head-up orientation, to learn to fly through multiple axes, and to learn an advanced, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
Half Reverse Eagle
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Vince Arnone.
The two performers face each other in opposing orientations (one is head up, the other head down) and simultaneously fly around one another on the vertical axis toward their feet. They then stop at the 180-degree mark, having traded places.
[ Full Article ]
Sit to Head-Down Front Flip
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
Learn a basic transition for the 2-way mixed formation skydiving dive pool and get an introduction to the half-eagle move.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Head-up Breakoff
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Once you reach breakoff altitude, your primary objective is to create a lot of horizontal distance from other jumpers in order to deploy your parachute safely. It may be difficult to know the location of every person on your jump, which is why it is your responsibility to clear your airspace while moving away. Avoiding collisions in freefall, during deployment and under canopy is paramount.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 1—Double 69
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 1 (Double 69), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
MFS Block 8 (Bison)
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by David Cherry.
Learn all about the Mixed Formation Skydiving Block 8 (Bison), from move description to execution and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
Rock the Cradle
Article by Niklas Daniel and Brianne Thompson. Visuals by by Vince Arnone.
Before you attempt this maneuver, you need to be proficient in performing a half-loop from the head-up to head-down orientation and a half-loop from the head-down to the head-up orientation.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-to-Sit Backflip
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your balance in head-up orientation. Learn to fly through multiple axes and an advanced, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Back-Flip Transition from Sit to Head-Down Daffy
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Iveta Muravyeva.
When transitioning from a head-up to a head-down position, most vertical formation skydiving competitors transition over their backs instead of performing cartwheels. Though the end result is the same, the back flip has more dynamic range, is more aerodynamic and is easier to control than a cartwheel.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
Sit-to-Sit Front-Flip Transition
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brianne Thompson.
Increase your balance in the sit-fly position, learn to fly through multiple axes, and learn a basic, over-the-head transition.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
VFS Block 4
Article by Niklas Daniel. Visuals by by Brandon Atwood.
Learn all about the Vertical Formation Skydiving Block 4 (Chain Gang), from move description to execution (head-down and head-up flyers), and helpful hints.
[ Full Article ]
[ Video ]
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